1. Which one of the following statements describes classical
conditioning?
A. It generally involves more than one independent variable.
B. It involves the pairing of a conditioned stimulus with an
unconditioned stimulus.
C. It depends on a close relationship between responses and
consequences.
D. It concerns the modification of responses by consequences.
2. The laws of learning are important because they
A. combine learning theory with other sciences.
B. make learning more interesting to study.
C. help scientists predict and control behavior.
D. give mathematical certainty to behavior.
3. Some learning theorists avoid intervening variables becausethese kinds of variables
A. confuse the subject too much.
B. create concerns regarding the welfare of the animal.
C. require too much time to measure.
D. tend to complicate matters.
4. When does imprinting take place?
A. After any special or pleasurable event
B. After intense fear or trauma
C. During a relatively short period early in an animal’s life
D. When a dog is forced to repeat a particular command
5. Modeling is a training technique that involves
A. providing one dog as an example for another dog to follow.
B. giving positive reinforcement for correct behavior.
C. using dependent and independent variables in an experiment.
D. habituating a dog to a particular sound or event.
6. Anthropomorphism is the tendency to
A. use inhumane training methods with animals.
B. agree with the view of the radical behaviorists.
C. use explanatory fictions to explain behavior.
D. attribute human characteristics to animals.
7. Latent learning becomes evident when
A. a puppy grows up.
B. the animal is motivated to perform.
C. a dog has failed with the trial-and-error method.
D. a dog experiences social facilitation.
8. Sensitization makes a dog
A. easier to condition.
B. more difficult to condition.
C. more responsive to later stimulation.
D. less responsive to later stimulation.
9. The term baseline refers to a(n)
A. intervening variable.
B. independent variable.
C. measurement before conditioning.
D. measurement after conditioning.
10. Which one of the following is an example of an explanatoryfiction?
A. Worry and sadness are the cause of most serious behaviorproblems.
B. Dogs fear some places and things because they’re unfamiliar withthem.
C. Dogs are trained to obey commands as quickly as possible.
D. Puppies experience a sensitive period that starts at about threeweeks of age.
11. A dog sitting on the shore of a lake sees another dog jump intothe water to retrieve a stick
thrown by its owner. After seeing the dog retrieve the stickseveral times, the first dog
decides to jump in and chase the stick too. This situation is anexample of
A. local enhancement. C. motor learning.
B. socialization. D. pairing.
12. In Pavlov’s experiment with the bell and the food, what is thedependent variable?
A. Pairing the food and the bell C. Ringing of the bell
B. Giving food D. Salivation
13. What does the concept of learning set suggest?
A. Ideas are needed to solve difficult problems.
B. Imagination is the key to problem solving.
C. Emotion needs to be excluded from experiments involvingcognition.
D. Animals learn how to learn.
14. Which one of the following men would be most likely to studythe effects of rewarding a
dog for not jumping up on people?
A. Otto Tinklepaugh C. Ivan Pavlov
B. Edward L. Thorndike D. Robert Rescorla
15. Why is learning theory valuable for a dog trainer?
A. It assures that all trainers approach training from the sameperspective.
B. A dog trainer can use the principles, knowing they’ve beentested under experimental
conditions.
C. It provides a way for trainers to quantify behavior.
D. It allows the trainer to understand the dog from ananthropomorphic point of view.
16. A family with three small children has just adopted atwo-year-old dog from the Humane
Society. At first, the dog was frightened by the children who werealways running up to the
dog and hugging it and jumping around. Eventually the dog got usedto their type of play
and attention. This situation is an example of
A. habituation. C. sensitization.
B. imprinting. D. extinction.
17. Which one of the following conditions is an example of anintervening variable?
A. Painful stimulation applied just after the independentvariable
B. A loud noise causing a startle response
C. Depriving a subject of water for 12 hours before training
D. Hunger in the subject animal
18. Tolman’s learning theory stressed the importance of
A. insight in the learning process.
B. strict adherence to the beliefs of radical behaviorists.
C. the role of cognition in learning.
D. studying learning under natural conditions.
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