chemistry of hazardous materials
1. Give some examples of the types of hazardous chemicals, specifically oxidizers, stored in homes (such as those stored under counters and sinks, in garages/basements and in pump houses/sheds). Discuss the following:
A) What problems and dangerous situations can result from the improper storage and use (i.e., mixing them together, etc.) of these chemicals? Describe potential hazardous material interactions.
B) What government agency and statutes/regulation(s) govern for the labeling and registration of these hazardous household products? .
2. All ammonium compounds, which contain an ammonium ion (NH4+) and a negative ion, are thermally unstable.
A. Discuss two ways that ammonium compounds decompose when they are heated. What chemical reaction is involved in the thermal decomposition of ammonium persulfate?
B. What is the most likely reason OSHA requires ammonium nitrate to be segregated for sulfur or finely divided metals? Explain your answer.
C. What is the most likely reason OSHA requires employers to protect flooring and handling areas in buildings against impregnation by ammonium nitrate and requires that the floors be constructed without open drains, traps, tunnels or pits into which molten ammonium nitrate could flow and be confined in the event of a fire?
3. Describe the nature and characteristics of PCB’s. Why are they of importance to an EH&S or FS professional who encounters them when coming upon an incident scene where they are present? What precautions, or actions, should the EH&S or FS professional take when faced with this situation? What happens to FS personnel and their turnout gear once they are exposed/splashed with PCB’s?
4. Describe an incident (fire, spill, explosion, etc) you have experienced (or research one on the Internet, professional journal, or scientific magazine article) that involved a hazardous organic material(s) and required mitigation. Please do not use the instances supplied in the textbook unless you intend to provide a lot more detail. The following items must be addressed:
A.Describe the incident and identify the hazardous organic material(s) involved;.
B.Discuss the chemical interactions of the material(s) involved in this incident or hazardous properties relevant to the incident;.
C.Discuss the mitigation required or implemented.
5. Describe an incident (fire, spill, explosion, etc) you have experienced (or research one on the Internet, professional journal, or scientific magazine article) that involved a polymeric or explosive material(s) and required mitigation. Please do not use the instances supplied in the textbook unless you intend to provide a lot more detail than what is included in the book. The following items must be addressed:
A) Describe the incident and identify the polymeric or explosive material(s) involved;
B) Discuss the chemical interactions of the material(s) involved in this incident or hazardous properties relevant to the incident;
C) Discuss the mitigation required or implemented.
6. Air monitoring provides the following contaminant concentrations at the approximate center of a fire scene in which acres of automobile tires are burning: Carbon monoxide @ 1700 ppm; Carbon dioxide @ 7000 ppm; and Sulfur dioxide @ 600 ppm. Ignoring synergistic effects between these gases, which individual concentrations are considered life-threatening to the EH&S or FS professional responding to the scene? What combustion products are produced when materials made from polyacrylonitrile smolder and burn? What combination of properties is responsible for the selection of trinitrotoluene as a military explosive?
7. Briefly describe the adverse effects caused by exposure to radiation. Include some specific exposure levels associated with these significant health effects. Lastly, give some examples of measured radiation levels associated with the Three Mile Island incident in the U.S. and in the Chernobyl incident in the Soviet Union. Provide your reference source(s). (Wikipedia is not an accepted reference source.).
8. Consider a van parked in a lot outside a professional football stadium in Atlanta, GA on a Sunday afternoon. One ounce of radioactive isotope Cesium 137 was mixed in with the explosive that has been detonated and has caused considerable blast damage. The dust cloud carries toward the nearby downtown area on a light wind speed of 10 mph. (Hint: Aristatek.com website for helpful in answering this question).
a. How could the bomb have been detonated?
b. A professional emergency responder should be concerned about the following routes of radiation exposure for a person on scene and a person downtown?
c. What actions should an exposed person take during the immediate aftermath of the explosion?
d. Lastly, if radioactive material is involved in a disaster incident such as this and there is a fire ongoing in the area where the container is located (possibly the container itself), name five actions that should be taken to handle the situation.
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