Question 1

2 / 2 pts

Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH) are located in
the

thyroid gland.

smooth and skeletal
muscles.

glomeruli of
nephrons.

tubules of nephrons.

Question 2

2 / 2 pts

A surgical individual just arrived on the unit from the
postanesthesia care unit. This person’s respirations are 4 per minute and
shallow. As the nurse calls for assistance, the person suddenly feels jittery
and breathing quickens. Which of the following feedback loops is operating for
the nurse in this situation?

The central nervous
system stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic
hormone, which are secreted by the posterior pituitary, activating uterine
contraction and renal absorption of water.

The central nervous
system directly stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and stimulates
hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to
secrete adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH), stimulating the release
of cortisol.

The central nervous
system directly stimulates the release of insulin, which reduces blood glucose
levels.

The central nervous
system stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior
pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and stimulates the
release of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Question 3

2 / 2 pts

Hormones are effective communicators because they

are regularly
synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities.

increase their
secretion in response to rising hormone levels.

are rapidly degraded
once they enter the cell.

decrease their
secretion in response to rising plasma hormone levels.

Question 4

2 / 2 pts

When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an
increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an
example of a _____ effect by a hormone.

direct

pharmacologic

synergistic

permissive

Question 5

2 / 2 pts

What effect does aldosterone have on fluid and electrolyte
imbalances?

It directly
increases calcium reabsorption.

It directly
increases sodium reabsorption.

It directly
increases magnesium reabsorption.

It directly
increases water reabsorption.

Question 6

2 / 2 pts

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium
levels?

Triiodothyronine
(T3)

Thyroxine (T4)

Parathyroid hormone
(PTH)

Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)

Question 7

2 / 2 pts

Which of the following hormones acts on its target cell via
a second messenger?

Testosterone

Thyroxine

Estrogen

Angiotensin II

Question 8

2 / 2 pts

What hormone or electrolyte imbalance slows down the rate of
secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Increased levels of
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Decreased serum
magnesium levels

Decreased levels of
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Increased serum
calcium levels

Question 9

2 / 2 pts

A person who has experienced physiologic stresses will have
increased levels of which hormone?

Somatostatin

Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)

Alpha endorphin

Thyroid hormones

Question 10

2 / 2 pts

Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located

on the outer surface
of the plasma membrane.

on the inner surface
of the plasma membrane.

inside the plasma
membrane in the cytoplasm.

inside the
mitochondria.

Question 11

2 / 2 pts

What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor
(PRF)?

Anterior pituitary

Hypothalamus

Mammary glands

Posterior pituitary

PRF secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates secretion
of prolactin.

Question 12

2 / 2 pts

Where is oxytocin synthesized?

Posterior pituitary

Paraventricular
nuclei

Anterior pituitary

Hypothalamus

Question 13

2 / 2 pts

The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves
disease is usually

high.

low.

normal.

in constant flux.

Question 14

2 / 2 pts

A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and
truncal obesity. These clinical manifestations are indicative of which
endocrine disorder?

Diabetes insipidus
(DI)

Cushing disease

Hypoaldosteronism

Hyperthyroidism

Question 15

2 / 2 pts

The effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH) include solute

dilution and water
loss.

dilution and water
retention.

retention and water
retention.

retention and water
loss.

Question 16

0 / 2 pts

Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of

chronic insulin
resistance.

the formation of
ketones.

an increase in
antidiuretic hormone.

an elevation in
serum glucose.

Question 17

2 / 2 pts

Which of the following clinical manifestations is not common
to both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic
syndrome (HHNKS)?

Increased serum
glucose

Glycosuria

Fluid loss

Kussmaul
respirations

Question 18

2 / 2 pts

Diagnosing a thyroid carcinoma is best done with

fine-needle
aspiration biopsy.

measurement of serum
thyroid levels.

ultrasonography.

radioisotope
scanning.

Question 19

2 / 2 pts

A man with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8
L/day. Electrolytes are within normal limits, but his antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) level is low. Although he has had no intake for 4 hours, there is no
change in his polyuria. These are indications of

neurogenic diabetes
insipidus.

psychogenic
polydipsia.

osmotically induced
diuresis.

syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).

Question 20

2 / 2 pts

Hyperpituitarism is generally caused by

hypothalamic
hyposecretion.

a neurohypophysial
tumor.

a pituitary adenoma.

autoimmune disorder
of the pituitary.

Question 21

2 / 2 pts

The signs of thyroid crisis resulting from Graves disease
include

constipation and
lethargy.

bradycardia and
bradypnea.

constipation with
gastric distention.

hyperthermia and
tachycardia.

Question 22

2 / 2 pts

Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth
hormone (GH) in adults?

Cushing syndrome

Myxedema

Acromegaly

Giantism

Question 23

2 / 2 pts

The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is related
to an organic lesion of the

anterior pituitary.

renal tubules.

thalamus.

posterior pituitary.

Question 24

2 / 2 pts

The most probable cause of low serum calcium following a
thyroidectomy is

hypothyroidism
caused by lack of thyroid replacement.

hypoparathyroidism
caused by surgical injury.

hyperparathyroidism
secondary to Graves disease.

myxedema secondary
to surgery.

Question 25

2 / 2 pts

What causes the microvascular complications of clients with
diabetes mellitus?

The capillaries
contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow.

Fibrous plaques form
from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries.

The capillary
basement membranes thicken and there is endothelial cell hyperplasia.

There is increased
pressure within capillaries as a result of the elevated glucose attracting
water.