1. A) Define and identify in a cladogram: synapomorphy (shared
derived trait), symplesiomorphy (shared ancestral trait),
homoplasy. B) Define and identify in a phylogenetic tree:
monophyletic, paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups. C) Describe the
basic anatomy/structure of viruses. D)Explain how viruses
reproduce.

2. A) Explain how life may have originated and the evidence for
it. B) Describe the evolutionary relationship between kingdoms and
domains within the tree of life. C) Explain the role of pigments
and light absorption in providing energy for photosynthesis. D)
Summarize the function of the two photosystems in green plants and
describe the flow of electrons.