1. The net ATP production for anaerobic glycolysis starting from
glucose is ______ ATP.

2.Would each of the following structures be more likely in the
core or on the surface of a globular protein?

           
Amphipathic b-sheet: __________________

           
Nonpolar a-helix: ________________

           
Irregular loop: ________________

3. The oxidation of malate is the last step of the citric acid
cycle. The reaction has a large positive standard free energy, but
occurs spontaneously in the cell. Explain.

4. Does insulin upregulate or down regulate each of the
following pathways?

           
Glycogen synthesis ____________________________

           
Fatty acid synthesis: ______________________________

           
Glycolysis ___________________________

5.What is the yield of ATP when one molecule of
phosphoenolpyruvate is completely oxidized to CO₂ by a
mammalian cell homogenate? Assume that glycolysis, the citric acid
cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are fully active. Give a full
and clear accounting of reduced cofactors and ATP equivalents to
credit. A one-number answer will receive no credit.