9. (TCO 4) Deming’s profound knowledge consists
of four elements. Answer the following three parts relating to the
variation element of Deming’s profound knowledge. Your discussion
should relate to this element of Deming’s profound knowledge and
not to variation in general.

Describe how a quincunx can be used to explain variation. (10
points)

Why is understanding variation important, and what do we need to
do about it? (10 points)

What tools do we need to use to understand variation, and why is
using these tools important to our decision-making process? (10
points)