A student wants to assess whether her dog Muffin tends to chase
her blue ball more often than she chases her red ball. The student
rolls both a blue ball and a red ball at the same time and observes
which ball Muffin chooses to chase. Repeating this process a total
of 196 times, the student finds that Muffin chased the blue ball
102 times and the red ball 94 times.

a. What are the observational units in this
study?   

b. What is the variable in this study?

c. State the appropriate null and alternative
hypotheses, in words and in symbols.

d. Calculate the test statistic and
p-value.

e. Would you reject the null hypothesis at the
.10 significance level? Explain.

f. Write a one-sentence conclusion to the
student, summarizing what the data reveal about whether her dog
Muffin tends to chase her blue ball more often than her red ball.
Include an explanation of what the p-value means in the
context of this study.