Chapter 12:

What comprises the central nervous system? The peripheral
nervous system?

What are the 3 main structures of a neuron? What does each
do?

What is the axon hillock? The axon initial segment? An axon
collateral? A synapse? Nissl Bodies?

What are the structures of neurons?

What is a nerve? How are nerves organized?

What are the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS? What are their
main functions?

What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? What are their
main functions?

Describe the myelin sheath? What is its function? What are the
nodes of ranvier?

What is the difference between gray and white matter?

What is a ganlion? A nucleus? A nerve? A tract?

What are the structures neurons use to move ions across the
plasma membrane? What are the different types of these structures?
How does each work?

What is the electrochemical gradient? What causes neurons to
have a membrane potential across their plasma membrane?

What is hyperpolarization? Depolarization? A hyperpolarizing
potential? A depolarizing potential?

What is threshold?

What are the main differences between graded & action
potentials?

What are the steps in the overall process that neurons use for
communication?

What is a post-synaptic potential? What are the two types and
how are they created?

What happens to graded potentials & PSP’s as they travel in
the cell? What is summation?

What are the different types of summation and how do they
work?

What are the 4 phases of an action potential? What ions flow
during the phases (if any)?

Describe the function of sodium channels during an action
potential. What are activation gates & inactivation gates? What
is inactivation? What is the refractory period and what happens
during it?

Describe the difference between continuous & saltatory
conduction of AP’s.

What are the steps involved in transmission at a synaptic
terminal (chemical synapse)?