Module 3 – Case
THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Assignment Overview
Why Can’t We Just Talk?
Since the 9/11 attacks, the demands placed on officers have
evolved to include more complex criminal activity, upswings in multi-jurisdictional
criminal matters, and an increased realization that terrorist activity is not
confined by neat boundaries on a map. As a September 2005 report by the
Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Assistance noted, “a critical lesson
taken from the tragedy of September 11, 2001, is that intelligence is
everyone’s job,” and “everyone” now includes not only analysts within the
federal government but also law enforcement officers hailing from the nation’s
largest cities to its smallest towns and rural areas.
Indeed, the need for new and better ways to develop and
share law enforcement intelligence was among the first realizations in the
immediate wake of the attacks.
*“In my mind, it [information sharing] comes down to two
things,” FBI Director Robert Mueller stated later in Fall 2001. “First, giving
you [local law enforcement] the information you need to make judgments about
protecting your communities. And second, capitalizing on the ‘force multiplier’
effect that comes when we work together.”
The reality has been much different. As Senator Grassley
commented in the wake of the Boston Marathon bombings, “Law enforcement and
intelligence agencies tell conflicting stories. Bureaucracies are gearing up to
do battle over who dropped the ball. They’re preparing their defenses. They’re
leaking bits and pieces of information favorable to themselves.”
This situation is described well as the Intelligence
Dilemma: “There are only two outcomes: an operational success and an
intelligence failure.”
*Mueller, R. (2001). Address to the 108th Annual Conference
of the International Association of Chiefs of Police. Retrieved from
http://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/law-enforcement-cooperation-in-defeating-terrorism
Case Assignment
Look at a high profile case that involved local law
enforcement and the intelligence community. Some choices you might want to look
at include the Boston Marathon Bombing in April 2013, the Ft. Hood shootings in
November 2009, the September 11, 2001, attacks on New York and Washington, the
foiled Najibullah Zazi’s plot to bomb the New York subways (No information
seems to have been shared with local LE), or another case of your choosing.
Indicate which case you are looking at, and provide a link to the story if
needed.
Summarize the important points of the case, including when
the IC seemed to have information that could have been shared, and which agency
had the information.
Identify 3 reasons that the IC failed to share information.
Indicate whether each is an admission of the IC, a charge made by the LE
community (or another non-LE part of government), or a justified opinion on
your part.
From the perspective of the LE community, rebut the 3
reasons, and summarize how local LE could have re-positioned its efforts to
stop the attack.
Evaluate whether repositioning LE assets as a result of
information sharing would have impacted the final outcome, and whether it would
have been better to share information.
Properly cite your quotations that you use to support your
statements.
Assignment Expectations
Assignments should be at least three pages double-spaced,
not counting the cover or reference page. Paper format: (a) Cover page, (b)
Header, (c) Body. Submit your assignment by the last day of this module.
Relevance—All content is connected to the question.
Precision—Specific question is addressed. Statements, facts,
and statistics are specific and accurate.
Depth of discussion—Present and integrate points that lead
to deeper issues.
Breadth—Multiple perspectives and references, multiple
issues/factors considered.
Evidence—Points are well-supported with facts, statistics
and references.
Logic—Presented discussion makes sense; conclusions are
logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.
Clarity—Writing is concise, understandable, and contains
sufficient detail or examples.
Objectivity—Avoids use of first person and subjective bias.
References—Sources are listed at the end of the paper (APA
style preferred).
Module 3 – SLP
THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
NOTE: Session Long Projects 1 through 4 are concerned with
the scenario outlined in Module 1 SLP. Please review that basic information
before proceeding. Each module’s Session Long Project builds upon the other.
For the SLPs in this course, your assignments will be based
on a scenario in which you have been assigned as a Terrorism Liaison Officer
(TLO) at a local police or fire department. You may pick which city will apply
in your SLPs. As the TLO, you will have a lot of duties, in addition to your
regular duties. Among the additional duties:
The TLO primary function is to help line staff identify
terrorism related situations and share intelligence related to terrorist
activity.
TLOs serve as the point-of-contact within their agencies for
questions and information regarding terrorism, and terrorism-related tips and
leads.
In most cases the TLO position is a collateral duty. TLOs
shall not independently investigate tips or leads unless directed to do so by
the proper authorities i.e. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Joint
Terrorism Task Force (JTTF), Fusion Center, etc., and stay within the
responsibilities of their assigned duties.
A TLO is to have a working relationship with the local
Regional Terrorism Threat Assessment Center (RTTAC), designated Intelligence
Center and JTTF, to help facilitate the movement of terror related information
to and from field personnel.
A TLO shall disseminate terrorism-related information and
intelligence to personnel within their agencies’ in an efficient and lawful
manner. TLOs are responsible for verifying that all personnel with whom they
share terrorism-related information have a valid need- and right-to-know the
information.
TLO s are responsible for educating personnel within their
agencies’ regarding the procedure(s) for submitting tips and leads to the
proper investigative authorities. For purposes of efficiency, it is not ideal
for TLOs to function as the collection point for tips and leads.
TLOs are encouraged to pursue advanced level Homeland
Security training courses as recommended and provided by their respective
RTTAC.
The TLO should be flexible to fulfill other expectations
and/or functions that may be determined by each individual RTTAC
Module 3 Scenario
As your city’s TLO, you are in a unique position to see
information and to determine with whom it should be shared in your department.
You are also aware that previous programs for information sharing between the
IC and LE have not gone well.
Your Captain has been pressing you for details about whether
or not the IC is likely to share information with LE. He said that the mayor
has been invited to the U.S. National Counterterrorism Center, and would like
an overview of it as well as some specific reasons that the IC needs to support
and include local LE.
1. Prepare a memo to the mayor, in which you:
Describe the structure, organization, functions, and
effectiveness of the U.S. National Counterterrorism Center.
Evaluate the history of the failures and successes in past
efforts to integrate the U.S. intelligence community with the law enforcement
community.
Propose some specific reasons that the IC should integrate
LE better into its planning and execution. Address sharing information equally,
appropriate limitations on sharing, and the speed with which information is
shared. These will be shared by the mayor with the IC officials in the meeting.
The Mayor also wants IC assistance in targeting a
drug/criminal gang that is active in the city (You may pick one that is
actually active in your city, or select an actual gang known to be in U.S.
cities). Provide insight to the Mayor on the capabilities and limitations of IC
information, and what he might expect from the IC.
2. Provide quotation(s) to support your response.
SLP Assignment Expectations
Assignments should be 3-5 pages double-spaced, not counting
the cover or reference page. Paper format: (a) Cover page, (b) Header, (c)
Body. Submit your assignment by the last day of this module.
Relevance—All content is connected to the question.
Precision—Specific question is addressed. Statements, facts,
and statistics are specific and accurate.
Depth of discussion—Present and integrate points that lead
to deeper issues.
Breadth—Multiple perspectives and references, multiple
issues/factors considered.
Evidence—Points are well-supported with facts, statistics
and references.
Logic—Presented discussion makes sense; conclusions are
logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.
Clarity—Writing is concise, understandable, and contains
sufficient detail or examples.
Objectivity—Avoids use of first person and subjective bias.
References—Sources are listed at the end of the paper (APA
style preferred).
ScholarMatic: Explanation & Answer
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